Moreover, no study to date has assessed both visuospatial and auditory-verbal working memories simultaneously. However, studies in this regard are few, quite controversial, and limited by methodologies and methodological differences (e.g., a study had enrolled only 4 subjects all studies had merely between-subject analyses only a few BB frequencies were ever researched, and the effects of many other binaural beat frequencies remain to be examined each study has used a different measure of working memory the duration of exposure to binaural beats differed among studies and in most studies, the effect of binaural beats had been examined after the exposure to them and not during their exposure). Therefore, binaural beats (BBs) might be used to enhance the working memory capacity. The noninvasive nature of these stimuli, their inexpensiveness, their ease of administration, and their potential ability to modulate cognition without previous training make binaural beats an intriguing candidate for use by both impaired and healthy individuals.

Therefore, binaural beats are being introduced as a new potential cognitive booster that might also have various influences such as changing the mood, altering the states of consciousness, or entraining the whole brain (although recent studies failed to find mood-altering effects ). It is claimed that they may influence different cognitive functions and mood states, like memory, attention, vigilance, and creativity, perhaps through alterations in the functioning of different brain networks as a result of synchronized hemispheric oscillations and brainwave entrainment. In this case, a third phantom binaural beat with a frequency equal to the discrepancy between the two independent sounds is generated in the Inferior Colliculus, which projects it to the primary auditory cortex. Binaural beats are a form of auditory illusion they form when the brain attempts to localize the source of a sound while two pure tones slightly different in frequency are relayed independently to each ear. A new type of audio stimulus is binaural beats. Rhythm, music, and audio stimuli, in general, are used by humans to improve cognitive performances and enhance moods while studying or in social gatherings. Therefore, strengthening working memory (WM) can enhance the quality of numerous cognitive and behavioral outcomes. , and it is associated with many indices such as fluid intelligence, academic performance, and effective behavior. It is the system controlling the online organization and processing of information to temporarily hold, process, and operate information for effective comprehension, reasoning, decision-making, problem-solving, goal-directed behavior, language, solving arithmetical problems, understanding geometric analogies, etc. Working memory is one of the most fundamental and recognized cognitive functions and is known as the foundation of thinking and learning.

Faster reactions might be correlated with greater hit rates, working memories, and sensitivities and also with lower false alarm rates. Aging and reduced sound intervention volume may slow down responses and increase the intrasubject variability of response time. Short-term training can increase the hit rate, working memory, and sensitivity and can decrease the false alarm rate and response time. Reactions were faster in the visuospatial modality than the auditory-verbal one, while the intrasubject variability of reaction times was smaller in the auditory-verbal modality. The response biases tended to be liberal-to-neutral in the verbal modality and rather conservative in the visuospatial modality.

The 10 Hz intervention also caused the lowest intermodality discrepancies in hit rates and false alarm rates, the highest response time discrepancies, and negative discrepancies in working memories and sensitivities (indicating the superiority of the visuospatial modality). In the auditory-verbal modality, the 10 Hz intervention reduced the hit rate, false alarm rate, and sensitivity. The following are some major statistically significant findings ( P ≤ 0.05): In the visuospatial modality, the 10 Hz BB reduced the response time and intrasubject response time variability and reduced the extent of decline over time in the case of visuospatial working memory, sensitivity, and hit rate.

Alpha male binaural beats